Презентация на тему: "Презентация по английскому языку на тему "Герундий/Инфинитив" 11 класс"

Gerunds and Infinitives

Infinitives
We use an infinitive with “to”:
To explain the purpose of an action
(He went to the post office to buy a stamp.)

After certain verbs (agree, appear, attempt, decide, manage, offer, want, plan, pretend, promise, refuse, tend, expect, help*)
(He helped to make a cake./ He helped make a cake.)

After some adjectives
(It’s dangerous to play in the road.)

Infinitives
! Some verbs are followed by a direct object followed by the infinitive!
(encourage, want*, help*, expect*, force, persuade, allow)
They encouraged us to try again.
He forced his friend to go with him.
* Want, expect can be used with or without a direct object with a change in meaning!
I want to go shopping. Vs. I want you to go shopping.
Help can be used with or without a direct object with no change in meaning.
He helped (me) (to) make dinner.

Infinitives
We use the infinitive without “to”:
With the verbs “let” and “make” , both verbs follow the pattern:
let/make + direct object+ infinitive without to

(He let them stay for the night.)
(She makes us clean the kitchen.)

Gerunds
We use a gerund (Ving) in the same way as a noun:
As a subject of the sentence.
(Eating fast food is unhealthy.)

After certain verbs (avoid, can’t stand, consider, don’t mind, enjoy, fancy, imagine, involve, risk, suggest)
(Do you fancy having a picnic?)

After prepositions
(I’d like you to think about joining our company.)

Used to/ be used to/ get used to
Used to + infinitive (to talk about past states and past habits, not for a single past action. Implies that the situation is no longer true.)
When I was a child, I often used to visit my aunt.
Be used to + gerund (when we say that we are accustomed to something or something is normal for us, not strange or new.)
I am not used to getting up early. (it’s completely new and strange.)
Get used to + gerund (to say that something is in the process of becoming normal or common.)
I got used to getting up early. (now it’s normal although it wans/ in the past)
I am getting used to getting up early. (it is becoming easier as I have been doing it for a while now. It’s still not totally normal though.)

Infinitive or Gerund
There are some verbs which can be used with both the infinitive or gerund with no difference in meaning :
begin, continue, hate, love, prefer, start
I started to swim/ swimming when I was five.

!Avoid the repetition of form!
I was starting to swim. (NOT swimming. Try to avoid two –ing froms together.)

Infinitive or Gerund
Infinitive
Remember (do sth you are planning to do )
I remember to lock the door. (= I didn’t forget to lock the door)

Forget (not to do sth you are/were planning to do)
I forgot to lock the door. (= I didn’t’ do it)
Gerund
Remember (think of a past event)
I remember locking the door. (I have the memory of the event in my head)
Forget (not able to remember the past event)
I’ll never forget meeting the Queen. (=I met her and the memory of it will stay)

Infinitive
Try (make an effort to do sth difficult)
I tried to cook Chinese food. (=I made an effort, but it was difficult)

Stop (interrupt an action to do sth else)
We stopped to watch TV. (=We were doing sth else which we stopped doing so that we could watch TV)


Gerund
Try (do sth and see what happens)
I tried cooking Chinese food. (= I’ve never done it before and was interested to see what it would taste like.)
Stop (stop an action)
We stopped watching TV. (= We were watching TV and then did sth else)

Infinitive
Like (do sth because it’s a good idea, be in the habit of)
I like to go shopping in the evening. (= I don’t necessarily enjoy shopping, but it’s the best option for me now)

Gerund
Like (enjoy sth)
I like going shopping in the evening. (= I enjoy shopping)