Презентация на тему: "Презентация к уроку "Строительные материалы""

Building Construction Materials List

The materials that are used in the construction are mainly classified into five types that are as follows.
1. Artificial construction materials 
The materials manufactured artificially and used in the different construction activities are known as Artificial construction materials. Examples of Artificial construction materials are bricks, cement, steel, glass, and plastics, etc.
2. Natural construction materials
The materials that occur naturally and are used for construction activities are known as Natural construction materials. Natural building materials include rocks, wood, etc.

1. CONCRETE
Concrete is one of the most common construction materials. It is a composite material from fine and coarse aggregate mixed with a binder like cement and water. The mixture is then left to cure and set over time. Concrete takes seven days to cure and an average of 28 days to attain maximum strength. Reinforced concrete is most common in construction, whereby steel is embedded in the concrete to increase the structural tensile strength. Concrete comes in many forms, with examples such as lightweight concrete and waterproof concrete. The project type dictates the type of concrete used. One of the most significant advantages of concrete is that it can be poured into any shape and hardened into a stone-like material.
Because of its cost and versatility, concrete is a common material in construction. We use concrete for:
Foundations
Residential building construction
Commercial building construction
Bridge construction
Culverts and sewers.

2. STEEL
The construction of skyscrapers exploded from our discovery of steel as a reinforcement material. Steel is a composite material made from alloys of iron and carbon. Steel has high strength and functionality.  It is also lightweight, easy to work with, and cheaper to ship than other building materials. Steel does not easily deform unless we place a tremendous amount of weight on it, and it retains its structural properties even when it is bent. Due to its structural stability, we use steel to make tall modern buildings' structural frameworks.
Steel has distinguishing qualities such as high strength to weight ratio. It is less time-consuming to install than concrete, and we can install it in any environment. If not correctly installed, however, steel is susceptible to corrosion. One of the significant drawbacks of steel as a construction material is that it is likely to break down during high-temperature levels. Its level of fire resistance depends on the type of steel.
We commonly use steel is in construction for the following purposes:
For structural sections: We use steel as reinforcing bars to increase the tensile strength of structures.
Roofing: We use steel to make roofing products such as purlins, internal walls, ceilings, and cladding.
Internal fixtures: We use it to make interior fittings such as rails and stairs.
Utilities: We construct underground water, fuel, power, and gas lines using steel.

3. WOOD
Wood is arguably the oldest construction material as it has been in use. It is naturally available and cost-efficient, strong and durable, and flexible in all senses. It can be bent, molded, or cured into desirable shapes. Other than its durability, wood is an environmentally sustainable material. We can use wood for commercial and residential buildings, and it works well with other materials. It functionally works well with steel, marble, and aluminum. Compared to other construction materials, wood is relatively light and easy to standardize in size. It has high tensile strength and is good in soundproofing and insulation.
We use wood in construction in the following areas:
Construction of walls, floors, and ceilings
Construction of interiors such as door and window frames
Frames of structures in buildings and bridges
Thermal insulation
Acoustic insulation

4. STONE
Stone is the longest-lasting building material. The most ancient buildings in the world are made of stone. We commonly use stone in walls and floorings, and the texture makes it versatile. Stone comes with smooth finish textures to rough ones and also comes in many different colors. Examples of stones used in construction are sandstone, granite, and marble. Ordinary stone is cheap, but the prices go up for unique finishes. For marble countertops, quality and color increase the production time and cost.
Stone has a few drawbacks. Its density affects its workability due to its weight, thus making it difficult to move it. Stone is also a terrible insulator therefore ineffective for insulation in cold environments.
We use stone in construction in the following aspects:
As rough aggregate in construction
In masonry works for walls, dams, and bridge piers
 As ballast for railways
 For damp proofing of external walls
Stones like marble are used for making excellent polish finishes.

5. BRICK/MASONRY
Masonry uses bricks which are rectangular blocks, and they are later bound with mortar. Bricks were traditionally made from heated and dry clay. They have a high compression resistance, but they can break easily. The most vital bricks in existence now are concrete blocks which are reinforced using steel. Masonry is fire-resistant and durable. Due to its high compressive strength, we use it to construct load-bearing walls. Masonry can support multi-story buildings when reinforced with concrete, thus providing an economical building choice.
Masonry is used in various construction components such as:
Used for walls
Used for masonry foundations
Other types, such as veneer masonry, are used for decorating finishes.
Masonry is also used for gabion construction in flood-prone areas.