Презентация на тему: "Английский язык для химиков"

МИНИСТЕРСТВО НАУКИ И ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
федеральное государственное автономное
образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования
«Национальный исследовательский ядерный университет «МИФИ»
Димитровградский инженерно-технологический институт – филиал НИЯУ МИФИ
The molecule
Подготовила: студентка 432 группы
Моргунова Ирина Александровна
Руководитель: преподаватель
Яббарова Ольга Владимировна
Димитровград
2021

A molecule is an electroneutral particle of a substance consisting of a finite number of atoms interconnected by covalent bonds, having a certain spatial structure and mass, as well as possessing all the chemical properties of this substance and capable of independent existence.
Definition

Atoms are combined in a molecule in most cases with the help of chemical bonds. As a rule, such a bond is formed by one, two or three pairs of electrons in the joint possession of two atoms, forming a common electron cloud, the shape of which is described by the type of hybridization. A molecule can have positively and negatively charged atoms (ions).

Definition
The mass of a molecule (Mr) is the relative molecular (atomic) mass of a substance — this is the ratio of the mass of a molecule (or atoms) of a given substance to 1 divided by 12 of the mass of a carbon atom.

m =
M
N
0
A
M =
m
0
N
A
Molar mass (M) is the mass of a substance taken in the amount of one mole.

Communications
An ionic bond is of an electrical nature, that is, it is one of the types of chemical bond based on electrostatic interactions between charged ions: a cation (a positively charged ion) and an anion (a negatively charged ion).
Na

C
Covalent — can be polar and non-polar. It is formed due to a pair of electrons jointly belonging to two atoms, either by an exchange mechanism (generalization of a pair of electrons), or by a donor-acceptor mechanism (from the electrons of the donor and the free orbital of the acceptor). It is characterized by the greatest stability and energy capacity.
H
H
H
H

Atoms in molecules of simple substances (chlorine, bromine, oxygen, etc.), organic substances are connected by a covalent bond. That is, a covalent bond is formed between the atoms of nonmetals. If the nonmetals are the same, then a covalent nonpolar bond is formed, and if a bond is formed between different nonmetals, then it is a covalent polar bond
H
Cl
H Cl

Thank you for your attention!